My First Day at College

My First Day at College

There is always a first time in man’s life, and so is with me. I still remember the day when I stepped in the college building. After my matriculation, I faced the problem of admission in college. After much reflection, I decided to get admission in Govt. College, Lahore. 

Since I had obtained high first division, I got admission on merit. I was overjoyed that day. Our classes were to start on 1st September. On 1st September I got up very early in the morning, put on my best dress, took a few books and was on my way to college. 

On my first day at college, it took me an hour to reach the college. The building of Government College was before my eyes with all its magnificence. My heart was beating fast. I was looking for some class fellows of mine. Soon I met some of them. They were also looking fools like me. Any way we managed to enter the classroom. Any way we managed to enter the class room. All of us were trying to conceal our nervousness. Then the lecturer entered the class. We stood in his honour. He was looking elegant but a little young to be a teacher. He called the roll. Meanwhile a group of our seniors and started collecting money in the name of fine and that with the consent of our teacher. We wondered why fine was being received from us. They silenced us by saying that questions were not allowed. 

My First Day at College

So we all paid Rs. 30 each. Soon we came to know that the teacher was also one of them. Now they all were going to canteen with the money they had collected from us. Some first year fools were locked in the bathroom. We knew nothing about the library, laboratory, cafeteria etc. All looked like scared cats. We did not know the way to the library, to the gate, to the cafeteria. At that time the college looked like mazes where we all were lost. 

In the end we all were assembled in a big hall. One of our seniors addressed us. He apologized for what they had done to us. He also told us few incidents which they had faced being first year students. He ended his interesting speech by saying cordial welcome to us. 

So my first day at college ended. It seemed to be an adventure that we had passed successfully. It was a very pleasant and memorable day of my life and I believe, all of us will remember it forever.

Technical and Economic Development in Pakistan (Essay-With outline)

Technical and Economic Development in Pakistan (Essay-With outline)

 Technical and Economic Development in Pakistan (Essay-With outline)

Outline:

1. Technology a key factor in economic growth

2. Prerequisites for effective use of modern technology

    -Socio-cultural pattern

    -Education

    -Capital formation

    -Strong entrepreneurship

3. Consideration for the adaptation of modern technology

    -Mass education

    -Local conditions

    -Difference in factors of production

    -Supply of machines and technicians

4. Conclusion

Pakistan needs economic growth for developing and possible only if we have more productivity. Technology plays a key role in economic growth. The more the economic growth and faster the rate of economic development. Pakistan needs to fulfill certain preconditions to the modern technology effectively.

Technological progress is not only a scientific phenomenon but sociological one as well. At first technology must be accepted mentally otherwise it will lead to lack of participation on the part of the people to adopt it. We have a custom-ridden and tradition bound society which is a big obstacle. This situation can overcome if technical education is provided. Qualified producers, administration and technicians are required to make the best of modern technology. Our population needs to be familiarized with the latest technology.

Modern technology requires heavy investment but Pakistan cannot afford to buy the modern technology. Capital formation should be increase to buy such technology. Pakistan and developing countries in the same stage of development should acquire a technology which requires less capital and more labour along with large scale of production. If the prerequisites exist, there are various important considerations which need to be kept in view while adapting to a technology.

The majority of people in Pakistan illiterate and their major occupation is agriculture. While adapting technology for the agricultural sector or the industrial sector, the education level of people matters a lot. Education is an indicator of a community’s conditions are necessary, its technology is to be adopted in Pakistan. Attitudes need to be changed so that a healthy environment for the technology prevails.

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Factors of production very often distinguish one country from another. One country may have more natural resources while the other may be blessed with more land. It is essential to analyze the proportion of factors of production, so that a country is well aware of its inputs. A higher type of training needs to be imparted to the personal responsible for the planning and execution of advanced technology. Such education and training requires money and time. Initially technicians may be important from abroad. The ultimate solution to the problem is that training institutions and centres be established within the country. The Pakistan Steel Mills and Heavy Mechanical Complex, Taxila are playing a vital role in training and increasing the proficiency of labour in Pakistan.

Administrators play a significant role in spreading modern technology. Formal training is not very useful as the success of administrators depend on their actual experience. Entrepreneurs are the actual users of modern technology and they depend upon technological progress. They must possess basic knowledge to make the experiment worthwhile. Government policies should be long term and provide security to capital development planning should stimulate healthy completion. Modern technology and markets efficiently will find markets readily. If not, a few countries can join hands and establish some kind of a common market.

Energy Crisis in Pakistan (Essay-with outline)

Energy Crisis in Pakistan (Essay-with outline)

Energy Crisis in Pakistan (Essay-with outline)

Outline:

1. Main causes of Energy Crisis:

    -Lack of Proper planning and discernment

    -Industrial development

    -Mechanization of agriculture

    -Blind electrification of rural areas

    -Pressure of electric appliances

2. Suggestions

    -Construction of dams

    -Installation of hydel units of streams and canals

    -The discovery of oil be made

    -Natural resources like coal, gas be used properly

3. Conclusion

During the last two years our country has been undergoing severe shortage of energy. It’s regretful to say that no new hydroelectric power scheme has been made since the completion of Tarbela Dam. The nuclear power project at Chashma, which was to generate 900 M.W. electricity, could not have been started because of hostile international climate. Meanwhile the demand for electricity is on the increase every day. No new industrial units have been set up. The programme for rural electrification has further aggravated the energy crisis. The number of electric appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners, television set, tape recorder, has gone up tremendously. So it has cast a tremendous pressure on the electric sources of the country.

If we want that the economic growth of the country does not fall, ways and means to meet the requirements of energy will have to be discovered at all costs. There is no dearth of natural resources in Pakistan. We are just to accept the challenge of time and use our resources in the best possible way. There is a tremendous hydro-electrical potential in Pakistan. It has huge resources of oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear minerals. Forests can be augmented to very great extent. Solar, wind and geothermal sites have been indicated in various places of country.

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Falling water is the only requirement for producing hydro-electricity and nature has provided us with plenty of it. According to estimate, prepared by WAPDA, the total hydel potential of Pakistan is 30,000 M.W. of which 20,000 M.W. is said to economically exploitable. Against this the authority has so far been able to install capacity of 2547 M.W. only. Thus there is a huge scope for exploiting this source further. Pakistan can install small scale electric generation plants on numerous streams, canals, rivulets and their distributaries. Setting up mini hydro units on available sites is technically no problem now-a-days. The turbines which can be installed on them are available in the market. The local communities can also be encouraged to take part in the implementation of their schemes. The discovery of natural gas in 1952 came as a great boon for industrialists and domestic consumers. It’s also used for making fertilizers and a lot of other chemicals and for generating electricity L.P.G. is a by-product of oil refineries.

Though Pakistan has been able to increase its product of oil manifold, still more than 80% of its needs are met from imports. This is a huge burden on our shaky economy. Greater attention for exploring new oil wells, both on the land and in the sea, will have to be given. Like oil and natural gas, coal is a very versatile product of nature. It can be used for generating electricity, running factories, mills and railway engine. It’s found in all the provinces of Pakistan and it has been found suitable for power generation.

At present the international climate is averse to the nuclear programme of Pakistan. Therefore, in the near future, it cannot hope to get nuclear plants for generating electricity from other countries. Our nuclear scientists and industrial technicians may one day be able to fabricate nuclear plants locally.

Pakistan can also produce electricity from the sun, winds, garbage and other local wastes. Germany and Paris have large waste burning plants producing electricity and gas for a sizable number of their citizens. We can also follow their footsteps. Pakistan can also solve its energy crisis provided the people who matter have the will to do so. Meanwhile a lot of energy can be saved by economizing on the use of air-conditioners. The use of cars and other private vehicles should be minimized. The pilferage of gas and electricity should be detected and heavy punishment should be imposed on the guilty of this social crime.

Salesmanship (With outline)

Salesmanship (With outline)

Salesmanship (With outline)

Outline:

1. Introduction
2. Its place in the modern era
3. Main characteristics of a good salesman
4. Conclusion

Salesmanship holds a tremendous significance in modern era, as it has become a highly lucrative profession. The production of things on a massive scale has made it a necessary evil for the producers to dispose of their goods at a very high price. In the past two decades it had never been considered a profiting profession in Pakistan. But now the situation is totally changed and it has become a very charming and attractive profession for the well-qualified and educated salesmen. Seeing its importance in the modern age, more and more educated young girls and boys are choosing and taking up this lucrative profession. A salesman holds very special place as he is not a common person. He must be a man with certain qualities because a great deal of business depends upon him.

A good salesman not only sells a product to a consumer but also guides him in making his choice. No doubt, a good salesman must have a charming and good-looking personality to impress the customer. He should be urbane and polite in his impact on the consumers. He is supposed to be loyal not only to his employees but also to the customers. Politeness, mannerism, good-looking personality, forceful voice and intelligence are the rudimentary and essential features for a salesman. 

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Sensing the significance of salesmanship, many big firms enlist and train their salesman on scientific and commercial lines. They have setup their own training centres where the highly qualified and experienced staff is busy training their new entrants, salesmen. It pays back tremendously in the promotion of their sales. The highly motivated and truly dedicated salesmen play a key role in raising their profits at an astonishing level. Now, the salesman from well-off families don’t feel any hesitation to join his honorable and profitable profession. They know it quite well that this profession is in no way below their dignity and they rather feel proud of working in this profession.

A good and competent salesman is always in good touch with his customers. He is always well aware of the new demands and current trends of the consumers. Their contacts turn out to be very handy and useful in informing their employees about the changing trends of the buyers. A good salesman is very concerned. He shows a good patience and tolerance even if customer, waste his precious time and leave the shop without making any soil of purchasing. He thinks it his duty to listen to the buyers patiently and smilingly. He then tries to understand their demands quite intelligently. Now-a-days good salesman not only earn handsome salary but also earn the good will of the public. They feel satisfied and pleased by developing beneficial contacts with the consumers.

Role of Mass Media (With outline)

Role of Mass Media (With outline)

Role of Mass Media (With outline)

Outline:

1. Nature of mass media
2. Electronic revolution
3. Main features of mass communication
4. Role of mass media in our society
5. Essential purposes of mass media
    - Education and instruction
    - Information and interpretation
    - Convincing and persuasion
    - Entertainment
6. Conclusion

The term “Mass Media” refers to the role of radio, television, newspapers, journals, magazines and other media in society. They stand for modern sophisticated channels of world-wide communication. Though the mass media make the communication possible over great distances, they are simply technical devices built into the human communication process. For centuries it was largely through printed matter that common ideals and aspirations were maintained over wide areas. Then the electronic revolution of the 19th and 20th centuries brought the motion picture, radio and T.V. which joined the printed media in spreading information, ideas and providing entertainment.

The media tend to select their audience; and audience likewise select among and within the media. One of the most distinguishing features of mass communication is that it is mostly one way. It works on the assumption that each individual is completely “passive” and will accept the communication like and injection. Secondly, the media are capable of reading millions of people at the same time. Thirdly, the media are addressed to a mythical reader, viewer or listener. Fourthly, the media not only influence socio-economic order in which they perform; they are likewise influenced by it.

In a country like Pakistan the functions of mass media are the same as those in the west, but the nature of masses is vastly different. Low literacy percentage, differences in the way of life of urban and rural population, devotion to cherished traditional norms, economic backwardness, lack of advanced technology present the formation of a standardized cultural pattern.

In their role as a teacher, the media are supplementing the work of home, mosque and school. Keeping within the fold of traditional values, every effort is being made to transform social behavior so that it conforms to the Islamic way of life. The printed and the spoken word in being used to eradicate social evils and to propagate democratic behavior.

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As informers and interpreters, the media do not confine themselves to holding a mirror to an event to show its surface. The gathering complexity of public affairs has made it increasingly difficult to confine reporting to the strait jacket of unelaborated fact. The media, subtly or blatantly, act as powerful sources of persuasion. We have become the focus of all sorts of special pleadings; we are called upon to make manifold decisions, in our various roles as citizens, consumers and members of small groups. Most of the persuasion comes from advertisers or from specialized agencies like the Municipal Corporation or traffic police.

Entertainment has a powerful appeal and the mass media have all the facilities to provide it. The newspapers with its human interest stories, the radio with its lilting melodies, the T.V. with its assortment of plays and sports events – all cater to the individual desire satisfy certain needs. Age, sex, education, socio-economic status – such things tend to influence the reasons for which people turn to the media.

Narcotics (Essay-With outline)

Narcotics  (Essay-With outline)

Narcotics (Essay-With outline)

Outline:

• Introduction
• Its use and dangerous consequences
• Its medicinal value
• It causes physical and mental addiction
• Two categories of narcotics stimulants and depressions
• Remedy

Narcotics is one of the most dangerous things which has destroyed the precious basis of millions of young men all over the world. The word narcotic is used for a number of drugs, which it is presumed, make people feel better, albeit temporarily, whereas the reality is quite the reverse. The fact is that these drugs, unless they are taken under a qualified doctor’s advice and care, are extremely toxic and harmful. Narcotics are habit forming and one uses them is known as an addict. He becomes so much dependent on the drug that he will not desist from committing a crime, even a felony, if he cannot get it otherwise. That’s why almost all governments have banned them and declared them illegal.

Narcotics have been called by different names in different countries. The more popular names used for them in America are “dope” and “drugs”. A narcotic is a drug which produces narcosis, a state of numbness, in which a person loses most or all of his power of feeling and may lose consciousness. He falls into such a deep sleep that they cannot be awakened unless the effects of the drug have been evaporated. At the same who uses them cannot sleep rather he becomes, “more wide awake than era”. These drugs are also called narcotics.

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Narcotics have a medicinal value as well throughout the ages the doctors and physicians have been using them in an effective manner and helping the patients to get relief from acute pain. International criminals, in their lust for money and power are playing havoc with the lives of millions of young people all over the world. They use devious methods to allure young people and make addicts out of them. Once a person becomes an addict, he is totally at the mercy of these criminals and cannot have to escape from their clutches. The people whose minds are preyed upon by financial or other worries also fall victims to this reprehensible practice.

There are certain drugs which cause bodily addiction. In this kind of addiction the body of the victim becomes dependent on drugs and he almost craves for them in her increasing quantities. If this craving is checked, he suffers severe physical and mental pain.

The drugs which produce physical addiction are usually obtained from opium which is itself a product of the poppy plant. It is transformed into various drugs which are called opiates. One of them is morpheme, which is used by medical profession as a pair killer. Another is heroin which is extremely popular among the addicts. Still another is codeine. It has medicinal value and is used in many cough medicine. But it is taken as a drug as well and is fraught with unfortunate consequences for its victims.

Narcotics can be classified into two categories: stimulants or depressants. Stimulants, of which cocaine is one, step up all the activities of the body. The heart beats faster, the lungs draw in more air and the feeling of tiredness evaporates for the time being. On the other hand, the depressants, such as opiates, slow down the activity of the body; their user feels calm and relaxed and often goes to sleep.

The narcotics pose a huge problem for the society. They are now considered an illness. Almost like every other illness, they are curable. Arrangements for their treatment have been made in many hospitals of Pakistan. Their victims can be cured in four or six months and they can again lead a normal life provided that they keep away from these fatal drugs.

It’s our utmost duty, being citizens of Pakistan, to join hand with the government in its fight against drugs. Government or anti-narcotic agent agencies cannot play a decisive role unless the people show their practical co-operation in this respect.

Democracy (Essay-With outline)

Democracy (Essay-With outline)

Democracy (Essay-With outline)

Outline:

1. Introduction
2. What is democracy?
3. Merits and demerits of democracy
4. Eternal vigilance is price of freedom
5. Despite having loopholes, democracy is the best form of government
6. Conclusion

Every country has to follow certain kind of system to run the government and to manage the affairs of its people. Various kinds of systems have been in vogue in different countries. Democracy is the best form of government system in the modern era. Practically, it is neither possible nor feasible for all the members of the public to assemble together at a certain place and decide things for themselves. So a via media has been devised. In democracy, people in general go to polls and elect some amongst themselves as their true representatives, who act and speak on their behalf. In political parlance it is called the representative government. 

Abram Lincoln, a famous president of America, has defined democracy the government of the people, by the people and for the people”. It is a form of government in which all the citizens of country have the power to decide what laws they will have and how their government will be formed and run. The parliament reflects the will of the people. A government can remain in power as long as it enjoys the confidence of the public. The democratic government carry out the wishes of their electorate otherwise it will forfeit its confidence and in the next election it will be kicked out. This is how the will of the people prevails. And it is precisely this awareness of accountability which makes democracy superior to all other forms of government.

This form of government is welcomed in most of the advanced and civilized countries of the world. Some the developing countries have adopted controlled democracy whereas in the backward countries of the third world democracy exists only in a distorted form. Most of their countries are being ruled over by army General who talk high of democracy just to befool the innocent public.

Democracy is, comparatively speaking, a phenomenon but it has captured the imagination of people to such an extent that event those governments which in their attitudes, character, and behavior are nakedly despotic quite un-ashamedly call themselves democratic. The first and the most important right of the people in a democracy is the right to choose and oppose. In a true democracy, it is the will of the people that stands supreme. They have the right to decide the ways and means in which the affairs of their country will be conducted. Democracy has become synonymous with freedom, its citizens are free men and women and they enjoy certain right and expression of freedom. In a true democracy, the people have the right to form themselves into opposition parties and if they are able to convince the people of honesty of their stand they can even, at the appropriate time, topple the existing government by taking part in elections and winning them. In fascist countries oppositions are unheard of commodities.

In true democracy, nobody can be put behind the bars unless he has been properly tried in a properly constituted court of law. Anybody can live in any part of the country, can have the job of his own choice, and no restrictions can be place on his right of travel within or outside the country. As a matter of fact a citizen of a democracy can do whatever he likes provided in doing so he does not hurt other people or trample upon their rights.

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Some people are of the opinion that democracy is not the right kind of government because in it men are only counted note weighted. It’s a slow moving process and cannot make rapid decisions. Despite its flaws, it has resorted the sense of honour and self-respect of man and has made him an equal partner in the management of the affairs of his country and it is the only kind of system where the rulers are accountable to the people and can easily be replaced.

It can only flourish in healthy and conducive circumstances if a majority of the people cannot read or write, they are easily duped by dishonest and clever people who snatch their liberties. John Curran, an American, says, the price of freedom is eternal vigilance. They are always dishonest people who are ever ready to take it away and make men slaves again. A little slip and a Hitler, a Napoleon or a Mussolini is always waiting in the wings to grab his chance. Initially he comes for a short period of time but never seems to pine up the power once he has snatched it.